De l’accord Fatah-Hamas à la perspective iranienne de l’Egypte

De l’accord Fatah-Hamas à la perspective iranienne de l’Egypte

Ce 30 avril 2011, le site WSWS.org donne une longue analyse de l’accord entre le Fatah et Hamas, signé sous l’égide de l’Egypte. L’accord est loin d’être finalisé et demandera de nouvelles négociations, qui vont avoir lieu sous la surveillance pressante de l’Egypte. Les autres acteurs, notamment Israël et les USA, ont été pris par surprise et ont réagi selon le mode conventionnel de l’imprécation. La “révolution égyptienne”, car c’est de cela qu’il s’agit, n’en finit pas de surprendre nos “maîtres du monde”, dont l’infécondité de jugement passe tout ce qu’on peut imaginer.

WSWS.org passe en revue les différents aspects des relations entre Hamas et le Fatah, note que le président Abbas, lui aussi en retard d’une révolution, a été surpris par l’acceptation du Hamas. Surtout, WSWS.org analyse ce qui est, selon nous (voir au 29 avril 2011), essentiel dans l’événement : le signe concret et puissant du réalignement stratégique de l’Egypte, particulièrement dans ses relations avec l’Iran dans ce cas. La situation incertaine en Égypte est un puissant moteur pour cette évolution ; entre autres raisons, les militaires égyptiens veulent renforcer leur base populaire avec une politique étrangère de plus en plus étrangère à l’axe Israël-USA

«On Wednesday, Egypt announced that Fatah and Hamas, the rival Palestinian parties, had agreed a “reconciliation deal” whereby they will form an interim unity government and fix a date for elections following further talks in Cairo.

»While Egypt has long been trying to broker a deal, its ability to get an agreement is part of the new military-sponsored government’s fundamental realignment of foreign policy, centring on relations with Iran. Cairo’s immediate aim is to gain leverage over Israel via the Palestinians, but the shift threatens to disrupt relations not only with Israel itself, but with the United States and the Gulf monarchies. The announcement was met with overt hostility by Tel Aviv and Washington.

»Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu refused to accept Hamas as a negotiating partner and demanded that Abbas “choose between peace with Israel or peace with Hamas”. “There is no possibility for peace with both,” he said, adding that the agreement “exposes the Palestinian Authority's weakness”. Foreign Secretary Avigdor Lieberman said the deal marked the “crossing of a red line”. […]

»The White House supported Israel’s stance, insisting that Hamas was a “terrorist organisation.” […]

»For years, former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak did everything he could to contain Hamas, an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood, while playing a key role in maintaining Israel’s blockade of Gaza and supporting its targeted assassinations and aerial bombardment of the defenceless Palestinian people. To this end, he had sought to broker a deal between Fatah and Hamas that would subordinate Hamas to Fatah.

»However, Egypt’s new government is anxious to distance itself from some of Mubarak’s unpopular policies, particularly his open subservience to Washington regarding Israel and the Palestinians. It is seeking to boost its own credibility at home and restore Egypt’s position in the region to more effectively pursue its own interests. To this end it has already made an accommodation to the Muslim Brotherhood at home and is now extending this shift to its relations with Hamas and, far more importantly, to Iran.

»Menha Bakhoum, spokesperson for the Foreign Ministry, explained, “We are opening a new page”. “Egypt is resuming its role that was once abdicated,” she continued. […] “All the world has diplomatic relations with Iran with the exception of the United States and Israel,” Bakhoum said. “We look at Iran as a neighbour in the region that we should have normal relations with. Iran is not perceived as an enemy as it was under the previous regime, and it is not perceived as a friend.” […]

»The military regime in Cairo also sees an opportunity to strengthen its negotiating hand against Israel. Bakhoum said that while Egypt would honour all its commitments, including its 1979 Camp David Agreement with Israel, it would open up the border with Gaza “completely”—adding that Israel’s blockade and Egypt’s enforcement of it were “shameful”.

»Iran’s Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi has said he “welcomed” the deal and praised the Egyptian government for moving towards a rapprochement between the two countries. “This is the first triumph of the great Egyptian people concerning Palestine after the developments in Egypt, and the effort of Egyptian government is appreciated,” he said.»

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