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15 novembre 2002 — Le Washington Post du 12 novembre annonce un grand et vaste projet de “computerization” du monde. Il s'agit d'un système géant d'ordinateurs, ou un système d'ordinateurs géants (on hésite sur les termes) qui serait capable de donner accès, selon les termes employés, « to personal information in government and commercial databases around the world ». La chose n'est pas expressément explicitée mais sous-entendue ici et là, et, de toutes les façons, on dirait que cela va de soi : cette écoute sera nécessairement clandestine et non autorisée. Ce système sera une sorte de super-Échelon par ordinateurs, qui fonctionnerait globalement, aux USA et dans le reste du monde.
Celui qui propose ce système est l'amiral Pointdexter, un des acteurs centraux de l'Irangate des années 1985-87, le scandale majeur de l'administration Reagan. Inculpé, jugé et condamné, Pointdexter a échappé finalement à la prison après une décision en appel (« The U.S. Court of Appeals overturned that conviction in 1991, saying Poindexter's rights had been violated through the use of testimony he had given to Congress after being granted immunity »). Pointdexter, grâce à ses réseaux dans la communauté de sécurité nationale, s'est bien rétabli en se reconvertissant dans un domaine lucratif, puis, dernièrement, dans ce projet qui lui assure autour de $200 millions d'investissements du DoD (DARPA) par an et qui lui vaut le contrôle d'un nouveau service, le Information Awareness Office.
» The Information Awareness Office, run by former national security adviser John M. Poindexter, aims to develop new technologies to sift through ''ultra-large'' data warehouses and networked computers in search of threatening patterns among everyday transactions, such as credit card purchases and travel reservations, according to interviews and documents.
» Authorities already have access to a wealth of information about individual terrorists, but they typically have to obtain court approval in the United States or make laborious diplomatic and intelligence efforts overseas. The system proposed by Poindexter and funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) at about $200 million a year, would be able to sweep up and analyze data in a much more systematic way. It would provide a more detailed look at data than the super-secret National Security Agency now has, the former Navy admiral said.
« ''How are we going to find terrorists and preempt them, except by following their trail,'' said Poindexter, who brought the idea to the Pentagon after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and now is beginning to award contracts to high-technology vendors. ''The problem is much more complex, I believe, than we've faced before,'' he said. ''It's how do we harness with technology the street smarts of people on the ground, on a global scale.'' »
Le système Pointdexter, — qui représente par ailleurs l'aboutissement d'un cas classique de reconversion du militaire au business à l'intérieur du complexe militaro-industriel, — est un signe de plus du désarroi américain, et de la façon dont ce désarroi profite aux affaires. Le renseignement américain est déjà saturé d'informations, de données, de matériels divers, provenant d'agence type-NSA et de systèmes type-Échelon. Le système Pointdexter en rajoute dans une mesure gigantesque, garantissant au moins une chose : l'aggravation de la noyade du renseignement US sous le poids des informations et des données.
Pour le reste, il sera néanmoins pris très au sérieux, comme une menace majeure, au moins pour deux domaines :
• Les alliés, essentiellement européens, qui se voient à nouveau placés dans l'objectif d'un système d'écoute et de piratage organisé et institutionnalisé sur la plus grande échelle possible. Les Européens ont laissé passer l'affaire Échelon sans trop insister. Cette fois-ci, l'inertie et la passivité seront plus difficiles.
• Le domaine intérieur américain et, d'une façon générale, le domaine des libertés civiles. Le système Pointdexter ressemble à s'y méprendre à un système orwellien, dans la mesure où rien (cartes bancaires, données personnelles, etc) ne doit échapper à son contrôle. Effectivement, le mot est aussitôt venu à la bouche de ceux qui ont accueilli le système Pointdexter d'un point de vue critique, ou simplement sceptique.
« Some specialists question whether the technology Poindexter envisions is even feasible, given the immense amount of data it would handle. Others question whether it is diplomatically possible, given the sensitivities about privacy around the world. But many agree, if implemented as planned, it probably would be the largest data-surveillance system ever built.
» Paul Werbos, a computing and artificial-intelligence specialist at the National Science Foundation, doubted whether such ''appliances'' can be calibrated to adequately filter out details about innocent people that should not be in the hands of the government. ''By definition, they're going to send highly sensitive, private personal data,'' he said. ''How many innocent people are going to get falsely pinged? How many terrorists are going to slip through?''
» Former senator Gary Hart (D-Colo.), a member of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century, said there's no question about the need to use data more effectively. But he criticized the scope of Poindexter's program, saying it is ''total overkill of intelligence'' and a potentially ''huge waste of money.'' ''There's an Orwellian concept if I've ever heard one,'' Hart said when told about the program. »
Pointdexter et son projet sont également mis en cause dans un article de William Safire, du 14 novembre, où Safire s'attache à l'idée du développement de systèmes de surveillance aux USA même, également confié à Pointdexter. Pour l'instant, il est assez difficile de voir dans quelle mesure les deux systèmes (US et reste) sont proches, voire confondus, mais évidemment leur proximité ne fait pas de doute.
Safire est particulièrement virulent :
« If the Homeland Security Act is not amended before passage, here is what will happen to you: Every purchase you make with a credit card, every magazine subscription you buy and medical prescription you fill, every Web site you visit and e-mail you send or receive, every academic grade you receive, every bank deposit you make, every trip you book and every event you attend — all these transactions and communications will go into what the Defense Department describes as ''a virtual, centralized grand database.''
» To this computerized dossier on your private life from commercial sources, add every piece of information that government has about you — passport application, driver's license and bridge toll records, judicial and divorce records, complaints from nosy neighbors to the F.B.I., your lifetime paper trail plus the latest hidden camera surveillance — and you have the supersnoop's dream: a ''Total Information Awareness'' about every U.S. citizen.
» This is not some far-out Orwellian scenario. It is what will happen to your personal freedom in the next few weeks if John Poindexter gets the unprecedented power he seeks.
» Remember Poindexter? Brilliant man, first in his class at the Naval Academy, later earned a doctorate in physics, rose to national security adviser under President Ronald Reagan. He had this brilliant idea of secretly selling missiles to Iran to pay ransom for hostages, and with the illicit proceeds to illegally support contras in Nicaragua.
» A jury convicted Poindexter in 1990 on five felony counts of misleading Congress and making false statements, but an appeals court overturned the verdict because Congress had given him immunity for his testimony. He famously asserted, ''The buck stops here,'' arguing that the White House staff, and not the president, was responsible for fateful decisions that might prove embarrassing.
» This ring-knocking master of deceit is back again with a plan even more scandalous than Iran-contra. He heads the ''Information Awareness Office'' in the otherwise excellent Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which spawned the Internet and stealth aircraft technology. Poindexter is now realizing his 20-year dream: getting the ''data-mining'' power to snoop on every public and private act of every American. »
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