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Le facteur opérationnel principal de cette situation est la réduction de livraison de pétrole à cause de la situation générale dans la crise iranienne (embargo, opérations militaires, etc.). Diverses hypothèses ont été développées autour de cette situation, notamment la possible augmentation de production de pétrole par l’Arabie pour redresser la situation créée, soit par l’embargo contre l’Iran, soit par les suites d’une attaque contre l’Iran, soit par les deux. Cela suppose que des voies alternatives au détroit d'Ormouz soient trouvées.
Ce que veut montrer cette rapide analyse, c’est que le détroit d’Ormouz reste nécessairement le goulot d’étranglement de l’alimentation en pétrole du Golfe, notamment par l’extrême difficulté de trouver justement des voies alternatives si cette voie de passage est entravée par une situation de conflit. La situation du détroit d’Ormouz resterait la clef de l'ordre et du désordre dans l’alimentation mondiale de pétrole.
«Peter Sand, a chief shipping analyst at The Baltic and International Maritime Council, told Dow Jones that the use of longer alternate routes to carry oil shipments will increase transportation costs and cause oil to eventually reach the market at a time lag and in insufficient quantities. […]
»Paul Domjan, advisor to Securing America’s Future Energy (SAFE), an organization committed to combating US oil dependence, says “most oil that could realistically be diverted through pipelines is 4.5 to 5 million bpd even in the best-case scenario.” Even in that case, he added, there would still be an estimated shortfall of up to 13 million bpd in the market.
»Experts at Barclays Capital financial institution note that although alternative routes for crude exist, “they are limited in capacity [and] in many cases aren’t currently operating or operable, and generally engender higher transport costs and logistical challenges.”
»One possible alternative is to use export terminal at the Red Sea port at Yanbu, where a pipeline carrying the Iraqi oil terminates, SAFE’s Domjan said. He added, “From there crude would either move through the congested Suez Canal…or through the Gulf of Aden, which would be putting 2 million barrels of oil through the most pirate-infested part of Africa, the costs of protecting it would be massive.” The remaining pipeline options, according to experts, are either deactivated, such as the Iraq-Turkey pipeline to the Mediterranean port of Ceyhan, or still hypothetical in the case of the Abu Dhabi pipeline.
»“Coincidentally, the [only] oil exporting country that is in the best position to bypass the Strait [of Hormuz] is Iran, which has a pipeline network in place to enable the theoretical pumping of crude north to the Caspian Sea, from where there are plenty of options to export,” Domjan said.»
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